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Alabama hogsucker
Alabama hogsucker (''Hypentelium etowanum''), commonly known as the Alabama Hog Sucker, is a species of sucker fish belonging to the Catostomidae family. The Alabama Hog Sucker, as it is commonly known, is distributed in the Chattahoochee River and Mobile Bay drainages throughout Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and southeast Tennessee. ''Hypentelium etowanum'' inhabits rocky riffle areas, run, and pools of clear freshwater. They can live in small creeks up to large rivers. ''Hypentelium etowanum'' can feed on bottom dwelling creatures by turning over rocks with their bony head and long snout. Diet of collected ''Hypentelium etowanum'' indicate that 90.6% of the contents in their stomachs were Diptera, with Chironomidae larvae making up 88.8% of all food items.〔O’Kelley, C.T., and S.L. Powers. 2007. Life-history aspects of Hypentelium etowanum (Alabama Hog Sucker) (Actinopterygii:Catostomidae) in northern Georgia. Southeastern Naturalist 6: 479-490.〕
It is a benthic dweller and feeds off the bottom by using its specialized sucker mouth. Sexual maturity occurs as early as 110 mm, and developed tubercules suggests spawning occurs from March until May. A length-frequency distribution suggests a life span of at least 5 years. Its spawning habitat is over gravel in pools and riffles. ''Hypentelium etowanum'' is not on any threatened or endangered list; however it is still adversely influenced by factors such as construction of roads or dams, pollution, oversiltation, and agriculture. National and State Parks and Forests are included within the range of ''Hypentelium etowanum'' which will preserve the habitat. While ''Hypentelium'' is not considered a game fish, its ecological role on streams is important in the cycling of nutrients. Hogsuckers are a good indicator species of a waterway's health, as they are intolerant of polluted and dirty water conditions.
== Taxonomy==
There are three species within ''Hypentelium'': ''H. roanokense'', ''H. nigricans'', and ''H. etowanum''. The separation between ''H. roanokense'', which inhabits the Atlantic slope and the rest of ''Hypentelium'' is pattern that is replicated within other clades of fishes. However there is a historical connection of the Tennessee River with the Mobile Basin〔Starnes, W.C., and D.A. Etnier. 1986. Drainage evolution and fish biogeography of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers drainage realm. The zoogeography of North American frewshwater fishes. 325-361.〕〔Mayden, R.L. 1988. Vicariance biogeography, parsimony, and evolution in North-American fresh-water fishes. Systematic Zoology 37: 329-355.〕 which indicates a closer sister relationship among ''H. nigricans'' and ''H. etowanum''.〔Berendzen, P.B, A.M. Simmons, and R.M. Wood. 2003. Phylogeography of the northern hogsucker, Hypentelium nigricans (Teloeosti: Cypriniformes): genetic evidence for the existence of the ancient Teays River. Journal of Biogeography 30: 1139-1152. 〕
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